Traditionally, EPA has regulated storm water differently than point source discharges. Regulators recognized that it was easier to install new technology to reduce pollutant loading from a specific industrial process with a specific "end of pipe" discharge point. Storm water was much more unpredictable.
Therefore, U.S. EPA regulated storm water using general NPDES permits without specific
On February 11, 2011, EPA issued two rules regulating hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) from thousands of industrial sources. First, the "Boiler MACT" imposed standards on industrial, commercial and institutional boilers and process heaters. Second, the "CISWI" imposed standards on commercial and industrial solid waste incinerators.